“In the churches in Oxford, where so many of the congregation are
soldiers, we are always having it impressed upon us that the call of
our country is the call of God.” This statement comes from the book Testament of Youth by Vera Britain.

“O that she might withdraw unnoticed, silent from life escape and
withdraw, / to follow, to seek, to be with her dear dead son.” The second one is found from the poem Come up from the Fields Father. This poem is a mother’s response because of the death of his son in Washington. As they stand at the door of the hospital they realize that their only son is dead. The poem is by Walt Whitman.

.  “Disgusted by my own body, I found relief listening to the groans of
others. At times, I thought I would suffocate from thirst.” The statement was extracted from the book This Way to the Gas Ladies and Gentlemen the quotation is on page 57.
  “Under the ledge, the three witnessed what their memories would contain
forever: River, Stone, Dust, and Bone.” This one has been extracted from the book called The Veteran.
“The people smile at us we smile at the people, they call us ‘Comrades
from Birkenau’, with a touch of pity—our lot being so miserable—and a touch
of guilt—theirs being so fortunate." The fifth statement was extracted from the book This Way for the gas, Ladies and Gentlemen. The book has been written by Tadeusz Borowski. The book is stunning, thought provoking and painful. It is really fascinating especially when you picture his life in the camp.

“When, by ten o’clock at night, no news had come, I concluded that the
complications of telegraph and telephone on a combined Sunday and Christmas
Day had made communication impossible.” Statement six is found in the book Testament of Youth. In this extract, Vera is twenty years old and is working as a nurse in the period of world war one. She is in love with Roland, who is expected to arrive home for chrismas after he had fought in France for close to nine months. When it reached ten o’clock and no news about Roland had come, that is when she concluded that complication caused by the telephone and telegram had made communication impossible. She was unable to fight sleep and so she went to bed disappointed. Roland’s family waited until midnight over there chrismas dinner hoping that he will join them but to no avail. They later received a message that he was dead.

 “The youth walked stolidly into the midst of the mob, and with his flag
in his hands took a stand as if he expected an attempt to push him to the
ground. He unconsciously assumed the attitude of the color bearer in the
fight of the preceding day.” The seventh statement has been extracted from the book The Red Badge of Courage this is a book that was written during the Americas civil war the book was written by Stephen crane. This happens in the spring season of the year 1863, he faces the battle and this was the first time at a place known as Chancellorsville, Virginia. He was a young union soldier who matures to manhood after which he finds peace of mind as he come to terms with the conflicting ideas and feelings about war.

“Leave not the bridegroom quiet — no happiness must he have now with
his bride,” The eighth part has been removed from the poem Beat! Beat! Drum. On the first paragraph,on the fifth line of the poem.
“Our Lady was at his back, and she was like a firm hand driving him up
the hills, easing the fear blossoming inside him, the fear that what he
would find at home would be like what he had left behind.” The statement in the ninth quotation came from the book The Weight of all Things. In this book, a small boy makes it through danger, cruelty and hardships of the war-torn country of El Salvador in the search for his mother. The mother was dragged by other victims when gunfire erupted in a plaza that was crowded in a funeral of a martyred archbishop.

 “His failure to discover any mite of resemblance in their viewpoints
made him more miserable than before. No one seemed to be wrestling with
such a terrific personal problem. He was a mental outcast.” This statement has been extracted from the book known as Red Badge of Courage he had been placed in the position of an outsider.

 “When the roof fell in, a great funnel of smoke swarmed toward the
sky, as if the old man's mighty spirit, released from its body — a little
bottle — had swelled like the genie of fable.” The eleventh statement was extracted from Red Badge of Courage the book is written by Stephen crane.

Using the information from the group presentations, class discussions, and
assigned readings, provide the correct terms for each of the following.

The conflict that was viewed as the most tragic and that was considered necessary was the American Civil War. The war was brutal and it was fought from the year 1861-1865. The war was between the Confederate American States and the United States of America the war was as a result of the conflicts back when the country came to birth. The founding fathers could not solve the differences between the thirteen original states. There was a war between the two groups and they both believed that there cause was right. The cities were left in ruins and the young men were fought to death.

Art, printed literature, plays, radio, movies, television and the internet are mediums used for journalism during war. This was important because it helps in informing the country about the war. These help the soldiers to gain support from the masses. This support boosted the morale of the people who were fighting. Indeed they fought more because they knew the whole country supported them.

This person can also be referred to as a war correspondent. His work includes deliberately going in war ridden areas in parts of the world. They get close and provide written accounts and films David Crane was a correspondent of war and drew his writing experiences from the wars.

The First World War is usually referred to us “The Great War” due to its occurrence in the year 1939. War convoluted all the great powers of the world. They were amassed in two opposing coalitions this include the allies and the central powers. The alliances delayed as more countries entered into war.

Jerzy Kosinski was born in the year 1933. He was awarded as the winning Polish American Novelist. The family survived a holocaust; this was from the help of the village members. He created a fake foundation that sponsored him to get his scholarship. He was accused of plagiarism. After that, he suffered multiple illnesses. The journalists who accused him of plagiarism attacked him. He then committed suicide on the third of May 1991. He wrapped a plastic bag around his head; this made him to suffocate to death. The suicide note read, “I am going to put myself to sleep now for a bit longer than usual. Call it Eternity.”

The poem O Captain! My Captain was written to honor the famous Abraham Lincoln. He wrote the poem after the president was assassinated. The “ship” that has been spoken about represents America. On the other hand, the fearful trip represents the troubles faced during the American Civil War. The captain represents Abraham Lincoln. The poem is an elegy that was written to honor someone’s death. The poem symbolizes and resembles the president he has used a wide variety of vocabulary to bring out joy and sorrow. When the president was assassinated in a nation full and weary of war, the whole country was shocked, he was later murdered in a cold blood. Walt Whitman was one of the Americans who were saddened by the death of the president. This is the reason why he wrote this poem.

An acute stress reaction can also be referred to as an acute stress disorder, mental or psychological shock. Acute Stress is caused by a reaction to a frightening or traumatizing event. Its description was done by Walter Cannon in the year 1920. It occurs after an individual sees events they involve threats or death, physical violation, serious injuries and horror.in the world war one this condition was known as shell shock. This was because there was a similarity between how soldiers suffered. There those who suffered from concussions which were caused exploding bombs or shells reacted and those who had problems with their central nervous system.

During the war in El Salvador, there was a rise in economic and political tensions. There was inequality, assassinations, economic fraud, a lot of killings. With these tensions, there came an army of the people called the Junta Revolucionaria de Gobierno (Revolutionary Government Junta) which overthrew the government. The Junta promised that they will improve the standards of living in the country, hold free and fair elections and to put an end to human violation.

The sacrifice of fire in Greek refers to holocaust. The word is derived from the Greek word holocausts. This means that it is a religious sacrifice and animal in particular that is consumed by fire completely. Holocausts are apotropaic beliefs that are intended to appease the spirits that are in the underworld. They include the Greek heroes who died and are now spirits. The earliest Holocaust was the Xenophon which was an offering for the pigs to Zenu Meilichus. They are conducted at night. Wine was not usually in such practices. They offer animals that have a black hide at a lower alter and always have their heads following a downward direction.

The Poisonous Mushroom is the collection of short stories written by Nazi writer Ernst Hiemer. They were used to indoctrinate or in other words brainwash the small children in order for them to despise the Jews and hate them. These stories subverted views and beliefs of the children in German.

Vera abandons her education in or4der for her to serve her country. She worked with the Devonshire Hospital in Buxton in the place of a nursing assistant. She attended to the wounded soldiers. She wrote to Roland saying that she honestly loves nursing after she had worked for only two days. She found the whole experience as interesting even though she thought that they were traumatizing. The parents of the wounded soldiers who came to visit were difficult to handle. She wrote in her diary almost all the events that took place. They had to turn people out of bed in the middle of the night to create room for those who were seriously injured.

Gender roles are a set of social norms that safeguard the interactive norms. These norms are considered as socially satisfactory of a particular sex of individuals. They differ between the various cultures and the historical periods. We focus on the war period. The gender roles started to change in the beginning of the civil war this is because the women saw it as an opportunity to engage themselves in the public life.

During this period, showing masculine concern was not seen as unfeminine. Most Americans were patriotic. They believed that war would end soon without any bloodshed when the women saw their husbands going to war in a saddle up condition, they saw the need to sacrifice for their loved ones, for instance, “Charlie is dearer to me than my country” this was a statement from Kate Rowland of Georgia. The women that were left behind took up a new role. They were not certain of what it entails. Some of the women even wished they were men because they felt useless and anxious. The women saw the war as theirs as well as that of their men and saw no need to sit back whilst their men suffer.

The soldiers suffered very much on the battlefield. They suffered physical and psychological impacts of war. They caught diseases such as tuberculosis which were easy to spread and heart diseases like asthma. This affected the soldiers long after the war was over. They faced trauma they had no peace when they remembered what their fellows had gone through in the battle field. Some of them were amputated. This was left as a mark of war. These among others are some of the long term effects of war.

They faced a very difficult experience. Diseases broke out, there was no one to treat the soldiers and so some of them died and other just ailed without medication. Most of the soldiers suffered from the trench foot this was a disease caused by cold, unsanitary and wet conditions. The men stood in waterlogged trenches for long without being able to remove their shoes. With this poor health conditions, they could not receive medication because at the moment it was not there, so most of them died from this conditions.

War in most of the countries remains the means of solving international disputes. When events of war get bad public support comes in to give morale to those fighting. Wars cannot be successful without public support. The war veterans should gain and maintain these public supports for war.

Wars and conflicts are the major causes of the greatest technological advancement during the war period. The smart bomb was devised by the Americans by adding a propeller that was remote controlled on the bomb. The bomber pilot used the remote propeller to maneuver and adjust the bomb and release them. They introduced gunboats which were better than rifles. New ways of reporting wars were introduced they started using photographs rather than drawing.

Soldiers in war are the most affected due to the actions they do and those that are done to them. Some circumstances force them to end one’s life. These situations have an effect that is depressing to the soldiers. The deaths disturb the soldiers and deny them peace of mind. They are also deprived the joys of their families because they stay far away from them. The effects of war to families with members serving in the military are great. First the missing member of the family alters the family structure. This leads to strain of a single parent, increased responsibility and difficulties in finances. This leads to stress in children and the mother who used to have all they need for life. The same happens with friends.

Respond to Both of the following in 3-5 sentences each.

The study of literature has been of help so much in the study of the war period. It has helps one to experience and picture the war in mind even though one is not present. As one figures out experiences of war they come as if they are real. I have learnt on the disadvantages of war and its impacts. This will enable one to preach peace having seen the negative effects of war.

The favorite reading of the term is the Red Badge of Courage this book is about the American Civil war. This book gives one a full experience of the world war one. These experiences are important in the life of each and every one.

Respond to both of the following in 3-5 sentences each

“He had burned several times to enlist. Tales of great movement shook the land. The might not be distinctly Homeric, but there seemed to be much glory in them. He read of marches, sieges, conflicts and he had longed to see it all. His busy mind had drawn for him large pictures extravagant in color lurid with breathless deeds.” The quote is from chapter one of the book page 16. It shows us how Henry was naive on how he views war before it enlisted. The quote shows how people in the real sense picture the wars and other events they have never seen. They always think that they are great experiences just like how Henry did think.
(The Red Badge of Courage), “Later, after the bombs went off, after the monstrous black clouds they sent up dissipated in the gentle breeze, after the shooters, whoever they might have been, pocketed their stubby handguns and vanished into the crowd, after the police ceased returning fire and attempted instead, with their superior presence, to control a multitude run amuck, it would be clear it was a bullet to the head that killed her.” This extract is from chapter sixteen pages. I choose the extract because it is the climax where the woman who was being looked for is finally shot down and then she dies. This was a very painful experience to the son. He realizes that the way to peace is not through wars. The wars do not make it any better, they destroy the innocent souls.

Choose ONE of the following quotes below, and respond to it in 6-8
sentences.

The quote means that the First World War was the greatest war that was ever witnessed in the world. The opinions and ideas that people pictured about war were totally changed when they experienced war. Despite all this, the soldiers who fought are ones who experienced the greatest effects of the war. One of the innovations that were witnessed during the civil war was the emergence of the railway line. There were no motorized transport during the First World War and this was the first to come. Before the railway line was introduced the people moved on foot. When they reached the places of war there were tied and could not fight effectively. The other innovations that came as a result of war are that, they were a full force mass production and industrial manufacture of weapons and ammunition.

Aviation also came with the first world war.it was referred to as air warfare. This made it easier for the soldiers who were fighting. These innovations are still important to today’s wars because we use these advanced firearms in today’s wars. The aircraft are also used a great deal in cases where enemies cannot be seen an aircraft can be used to patrol. This also has reduced the number of soldiers being killed.

The war changed Vera’s life the world around her falls into small pieces. The young men with her are all caught up in the war and her life changes completely. The son looked for his mother only to realize that she was shot dead. This changed his life to an extent that he could not support the wars anymore. This disillusioned him. He saw these wars as not important because they took innocent lives.

The quote is relevant to today’s wars because we see that in today’s wars it is only the innocent that suffer. The causes of the wars protect themselves and their families.

In the book, This Way to the Gas Ladies and Gentlemen, the events change in the sense that the traditional notions of morality have no meaning in the camp. They rely on the deaths of their fellows for survival because of this they are implicated the death of the Jews. Killing of fellow countrymen was not allowed. In this story, we see that in this camp you have to kill to survive. Our perspective differ from back then because in this time it is not a must that one kills another to survive but people are killed during the wars. In the past, people had no humanity in the wars. They could kill the other without any mercy. In today’s wars at least one would protect the brothers and kill the others. The morality level and humanity is better in today’s wars compared to those in the past.

Yes it is true that there are times where war cannot be avoided because it is the only way that people can solve conflicts. This happens mostly when people cannot agree on one way to rule the country this leads to wars. In cases where the neighbors invade the country and do not want to go back peacefully brutal war breaks. Despite the fact that war is not the best way of solving conflicts, it is used because peaceful talks never work at all in many countries. People should see the effects war is causing to countries. The innocent perish, brother kills brother and with this we do not solve anything. When we look at the American civil war it was the greatest war and a lot of people perished. They saw this as the only way they could use to solve their conflicts and unite the states. There was a lot of bloodshed but finally they states become united.

We should devise other ways of solving conflicts rather than war. People should form peace treaties to solve conflicts. There is loss of loved ones.in the case of Vera she lost all her loved ones in the wars. This might affect her psychologically for the rest of her life because she will feel the great gap left. Most of the soldiers were injured some were even amputated this will affect the families and the soldiers. They are not used to living in such conditions hence this will affect them their entire lives.

The war impacted the country in a positive dimension in the sense that the soldiers won the battle and the old patriotism returned to the country. “He felt surprised at the pure, blue sky and the sun shining on the trees and fields. It seemed difficult for him to believe that nature had remained peaceful during these horrible events.” This war resolved to peace and drastic change. This is unlike other wars where a resolution is never reached. In this war, according to the book Weight of all Things, the war was great to an extent that many people were killed and this cannot compared to any other war in history. After four years of fighting a new nation was born, it was united more than ever. This is unlike other wars where they take a short or even long time to fight but never reach resolution.

The American civil war is recorded as one of the most brutal, cruel and painful in the American history. In this war brother killed brother father killed son and friend turned against friend. People thought that the war was short but they were wrong. This war was long and very many people were killed. Many people died than any other war that ever followed in the states of America. Everybody in the country had lost members of their particular families. Death was the most prevalent theme in all the books studied in this semester. This theme has made me realize that wars are not solutions to peace. We can find other ways of solving conflicts. Seeing the deaths of many people all people should preach peace.

Explain how gene flow, genetic drift and mutation all result in diversity and evolution in terms of population genetics. (You need to detail the differences in the mechanisms, and how each can be conceived of as resulting in evolutionary change.)

Gene flow, genetic drift and mutation form an integral role in the determination of diversity in the population. According to the notes gene mutation creates the foundations for variation in modern humans that often result in evolutionary progress. The genetic makeup or genetic pool for the case of population constitutes a complete set of alleles with unique characteristics within a given habitat. Such alleles due to variation leads to reproductive advantage in the population as indicated in the lecture notes. Diversity in this case is enhanced by redistribution of variation in different environments through individual phenotypes. In addition to this, gene mutation can bring about diversity through the change in gene pool in microevolution. This according to the notes creates micro evolutionary changes from the context of new species in a population that can result in change in biological parameters like specie coloring or size, which are aspects of diversity in a given population.

Lamarck’s theory as brought forward in the lecture notes sees evolutionary change due to diversity in terms of betterment and improvement. Genetic drift in natural selection is also a mechanism for evolution in terms of population genetics. In a particular environment, animals with similar morphology are selected and made to interbreed and produce genetically distinct and diversified offspring due to interaction. This ensures the creation of a generation of animals with shared characteristics and genetical orientations in a given environment. Through this mechanism of genetic drift, descent modification is observed even as alleles distribute frequently within a given population. The evolutionary change also takes place within a population as the genetic drift observes and is influenced by the movement of alleles as influenced by mutation between population through intermarriage and interbreeding. This eventually makes a sub segment of a given population to be manifested in subsequent generations. This process of drift therefore encourages positive eugenics in a set of population in a given habitat through propagation of beneficial traits. Moreover, genetic mutation can propagate hierarchical grouping in a given population that can promote individual development capacities like behavioral characteristics and distinct intellectual traits and predispositions. This brings evolutionary change through eugenics.

Question b.

There are a number of theories that are linked to the existence of man and other creatures. The theories are; the great chain of being which is governed by three principles stating that any species that had the potential of existing did exist, each species could be classified in a single dimension and that species classified in that on dimension are graded as imperceptible to the species above them. This theory was overthrown by the nested hierarchy terming it as a simple pattern of nature. The nested hierarchy did not also last long as Darwin’s descent with modification theory countered it in the 19^th century. Under the theory of descent with modification, the classification method kicked in and the species were put into various species according to their class, order, genus and species. This classification method also gave the class mammalian a higher status since they are the only animals with the ability to nurse their young. Human beings fall under that class and no other category is higher than the species.

This theory of taxonomies and the variations involved was yet again challenged by other scientists like Cuvier who claimed that catastrophism was responsible for splitting humans from primates because of their limb number. Humans were named ‘Bimana’ because of they were two handed and the other species were named ‘Quadrumana’ because they were four handed. On the other hand, Lamarck argued that taxonomic categories maintain artificiality because mammals are higher than birds and are spontaneously generating. He went on to deny that species were natural group as stipulated by fellow scientists but recognized a little branching in the species. Darwin however counter argues that the natural selection of species did make the animals better, it made them different.

There are two types of existence known to take place. One is the background extinction which marks the end of certain specie representing the inability of the specie to struggle for its existence. The other form of extinction is mass extinction. This one is a major catastrophe as it results in a serious ecological error. A major cause of extinction is genetic regions. The nucleotide sequence of specific region is undergoing study but there is a disadvantage that the size of the samples of sequence DNA’s are very small and difficult to come by.

Apart from the genetic changes, there are other causes that could have attributed to the change in species. Nature of the food, climatic temperature and evils of slavery are possible causes of change in species. In the origin of races, the study of human genes showed that the genetic compound can be improved if the people were encouraged to do selective marriages. Young people were encouraged to make reasonable selection choices for their marriage partners and to fall in love in an intelligent manner. This was initiated to improve the human race as well as get rid of undesirable traits which did not mean the destruction of the unfit before or after they are born. The line between genetic traits that were acceptable or propagation was also not clear and proved difficult to make. This saw to the end of eugenics as a way of trying to improve the human species.

A trade of is the difficulty in preferring one over the other Company‘s inability to solve a project e.g. construction forces it to seek help from the outside i.e. the third party. This leads to a situation whereby the company is always dependent on the third party. To avoid this, company should train its employees to carry out its tasks without seeking help elsewhere. It would be more economical to have necessities and experience required in achieving goals. An example is the Tegan case. Additionally they ruled out the likeliness that due to their information scarcity in the field of IT could result in more loss and would an acquire an unfortunate choice party.

This statement entails highlights IT as business function, that it has to be managed with a business mentality. The fact that IT does not involve customer relations it does not exempt it from the basics of management. It must interact with business in the day-to-day activities. IT systems are vital in the management of business. This is particularly true in the sense that a boss in a business entity needs to keep up to date the company’s database. Prior to IT systems, he would have a hectic time managing data thus proving IT management.

IT has slush fund because its department experiences an intensively tight budget. According to the tight constrains in the budget, there is a need for setting aside extra money for tough times, for example, a correction needed when something goes wrong ..After acquiring a budget, the department should make sure it is well executed. Instead of relying on extra money the department should be more in control of the projects its facing ahead. However, Still, having a “slush fund” is not a terrible idea considering a just in case scenario. In having, money set aside to help in the event of crises is worthy but I think the IT department should concentrate more on pushing for a bigger budget and being in control of their monetary spending.

2. People should evade from being stubborn and pertinacious in the event of elementary logic situations instead they need to have discursive actions. Some of these actions include irreproachable manners, being kind to one another. In the VW case study, there is friction between the CIO and the business unit managers reason being projects were not funded. The business unit managers needed funding, and they wanted CIO to do something about it.ie getting all the projects to receive funds. In the book “The Adventures of an It Leader”, we get to know about conflict between Barton and his girlfriend Maggie

IT managers or rather IT work workers are antisocial. They tend to centre on the failure of techniques. Probably they are not the best communicators because when they present their projects to company managers they make sure they present it in the uncommon language, which mostly the manager is not familiar with. This is a reason for conflict since when the managers are not understanding on what are talking about obviously u do not expect them to consider it indispensable. I would propose a solution for this problem to be that every department acquaints itself and gets familiar with IT starting with the understanding of concepts and components of IT in order to correlate during the presentation. Additionally IT should promote and nurture people to be distinguished speakers. People who are proficient at communicating and having the ability to decode the computer language. Decoding being in more as one on one speaking phrases hence resulting to making it easier to understand.

3. Consultants apply exceptional expertise to solve a problem. They are always strategic, for example, they can secure resources internally for more prominent related issues. Consultants also run businesses, in doing so they spot recent problems to transact. Arguably, this may lead to a contrast between their objective goal and the client company’s goal. There lacks a mutual relationship between the consultant and company hence no sense of belonging. This situation is harmful to their professionalism as lack of knowhow could limit the impelling of solutions they make. As a result, business people may question employing plans formulated by a consultant.

In my opinion, it’s true. Enterprise systems aim to convert systems that will work cross functionally connecting the business entity thus this indicated IT has to interact with all parts of businesses for maintenance of the systems. Each department in an institution whether political economic or social advocates for transparency. To achieve this there is collection and storage of data, which entails the IT department.

The contributors include education, training, implicit, communication issues. The IT leaders and executive make it hard for the gap to bridge. Both fields are broad in content making it hard for them to merge. Tactic knowledge involves personal knowledge got from life experiences while explicit knowledge is more of a language that is formal.

Technology moves faster than management meaning that there will always be differences when dealing with multiple functions. . To answer the question yes IT management is different from other management functions. There is much information that must be learned in order to manage IT well. As stated, every other management of other functions may have certain specificity to it, when compared to IT management. IT managers do not have the luxury of being experts in their field and thus have to rely mostly on their managing capabilities to be able to rely on their team for information.

The Members of Middlemarch are a mixed breed. Celia Brook, as per societal expectations marries a suitor; Sir James Chettam. She is portrayed as bland and realistic. She does not take time to think about intellectual things. This is what the community expects of women at this time period. Tertius Lydgate chooses the medical profession despite the fact that his rich relatives are against it. Edward Causabon marries Dorothea who is extremely independent and opinionated because she loves intellectual matters. This frustrates her husband who initially thought she would be submissive. Rosamond Vincy has been used to the expensive way of life and marries Lydgate whom she consequently puts into debt. Dorothea Brooke is the strongest character, defying society at all intersections. She gets married to a rich man whom she realizes has no passion to make her happy and thereafter she marries her true love will Ladislaw despite having to give up her late husband’s inheritance.

The members of Middlemarch are from the middle and upper class community and yet most of them seem to convey unconventional British behavior at the time. They are strong and do not marry based on the expectations of their families. They defy convention at every corner; Lydgate chooses to be a medical practitioner despite coming from a rich family, Dorothea remarries and refuses her inheritance from her previous husband, and Mr. Brooke is a bachelor who does not like women at all. Elliot, herself defied convention at the time with her writing choosing to write a sad movie which was not normal for women at her time.

We see in the novel that in this community of Middlemarch, many are not open to change in the rules of society. We also find that several of the characters do not want to live life as is expected of them. Middlemarch has an incredible mix of opposites. However, the societal rules remain the same at the end. This is markedly because at the end of the novel Dorothea whom we have found to be a strong and intellectual individual, settles down for marriage. The ending is sad and is not what one would have expected.

Overall, we can say that the characters and the community have both an indirect and direct relationship. Some conform to what the community wants and other rebel against it and choose their own path. We, however, find that at the end, society triumphs over the characters in the novel. No great change occurs and Dorothea remains a married woman, unable to exploit her interest in the intellectual matters of the world. Most of the characters eventually take the path of conformity.

               Finally, the arguments made for mercy killing is based on flawed basis. Firstly the fact that one is supposed to help another to take their life is based on the physical condition. Such an act is not predictable about the future life. Second is assisting to commit murder is a right without any guarantee. Individuals may request for such an act but no physical act should be done to them. The physicians should know that the rights lie in their hands and not to the patient. Legalizing such an act would transfer power of the right of one’s life from the patient to the physician. The main reason from the arguments made for legalizing it was because of pain, fear, and that cannot stand out as logic reasons to legalize euthanasia. We should always understand that the work of a physician is to help in getting treatment of illness or problem. Legalizing it will only conflict that tradition that the society have about physicians. 

The melodrama in the Byron’s prose is intensely poignant in the poem. There is alliteration in the line “Of cloudless climes and starry skies>”. Part of the style here is used to not only bring about rhyme, but the classical poetry demanded a taste of melodramatic effect which served a broad spectrum of needs at the time. Most poetry was performed to the royalties and who demanded a taste of expressive embodiment that would elicit entertainment during the performance of poetry. Despite the notion that Byron used to poem to express his love for art in general, the poem is not short of feminist approvals and occasional reverence and worship, which was the epitome of the Victorian culture. Her angelic look not only talks about physical beauty but also compares it to the more sublime religious attributes of piousness.

When Byron depicts the persona’s “nameless grace”, it is not only her beauty depicted, but a set of contradictory, opaque and abstract impressions are cast on her caricature of spiritual imagery which the poet has developed through vivid description from the beginning of the poem. The climax of the poem is thus reached in subtle protest of the unfathomable and bewildering serenity of the quality of her beauty, as awe inspiring and yet a “pure, and dear dwelling-place”. The poem is rife with rhyme which contributes immensely to its grand position is literature as a Lord Byron’s masterpiece and epic of Victorian literature.

A special place among the lyric of London period of Lord Byron is occupied by “The Hebrew Melodies” (1815). Byron worked on them in the second half of 1814 and early 1815. They were conceived as the words for songs that were to be composed and executed by young composers Nathan and Bram. Poems and notes had been issued in April 1815, and the second part – in 1816. The name of this cycle is not entirely consistent with its content. Thus, the collection includes three love songs, free of any eastern theme and one of them is “She Walks in Beauty”.

Byron himself wrote in his diary that “he could not write without personal experience”. In these verses, there is no external environment or external facts; the concrete is drawn into lyrical experience itself. Again, one cannot fail to point out poetic realism in this particular poem because Byron not only describes an isolated experience but, he manages to take the audience along with him in the encounter through vivid imagery. The readers have the possibility to understand who the poet was, what he felt for the heroines, and what they meant to him for the purpose of fully comprehending the poem. That is why “She Walks in Beauty” by Lord George Gordon Byron is one of the best lyrical poems, and it reflects the inner coveting of the author for expression.

In the book “The Hebrew Melodies” Byron makes his ideal love:

“She walks in beauty, like the night

Of cloudless climes and starry skies;

And all that’s best of dark and bright

Meet in her aspect and her eyes:

Thus mellow'd to that tender light

Which heaven to gaudy day denies.” (“She Walks in Beauty” by Lord George Gordon Byron)

An example is his poem “She Walks in Beauty” (1814), which creates a vivid image in which there are harmoniously fused spiritual and physical beauty. Analogies and allegories from the world of nature, which the poet uses to create the image, do not inhibit or dissolve a human being or essence in it, but only emphasize its nobility and beauty: “She walks in beauty, like the night / Of cloudless climes and starry skies;” as well as “One shade the more, one ray the less, / Had half impair'd the nameless grace / Which waves in every raven tress, / Or softly lightens o'er her face;”.

The unity of outer and inner beauty is based on the absolute balance of all shades and features that make up the image of the woman. This ideal of perfection and harmony, apparently, is born from the antithesis of the tragic disorder and confusion inherent to the poet himself:

“And all that's best of dark and bright

Meet in her aspect and her eyes:>

Thus mellow'd to that tender light>

Which heaven to gaudy day denies.” (“She Walks in Beauty” by Lord George Gordon Byron)

Byron dedicated his poem to the woman, for which had a genuine admiration. Lord George Gordon Byron made the accent to every detail in the image of that woman which was his obsession, his love and even his delusion. Every symbol used (“Thus mellow'd to that tender light / Which heaven to gaudy day denies.”), every metaphor introduced into the poetry (“She walks in beauty, like the night / Of cloudless climes and starry skies”), every single epithet to describe the beauty (“And on that cheek, and o'er that brow,/ So soft, so calm, yet eloquent”) outline the attitude of Lord George Gordon Byron towards the subject of his dreams.

The Manohla Dargis indigenous tribes people who are living in the Amazonian rainforest.

2. Does the Chevron attorney think the Indians have a right to live in the oil production area?

NO. The defense attorneys Adolfo Callegas and Diego Larrea insinuate that the monetary gain in the area surpasses the human life. Doak Bishop one of the advocates for chevron calls the people ‘irrelevant’.

3. What does the Ecuadorean lawyer for the plaintiffs do on the bus?

 According to Enrique Cajabal, the Chevron attorney, the lawyers for the plaintiffs forge signatures and coach the respondents on what to state in court the next day.

4. Does the Ecuadorean lawyer have first-hand knowledge of the Texaco pollution?  Why?

Yes. He is Pablo Fajardo a poor kid living in the Ecuadorian countryside, who toiled as a manual laborer, suffered the consequences yet finished a law degree to defend the community.

5. How much debt does the American law firm for the plaintiffs tell the Ecuadorean lawyer they have accumulated on the case?

  The amount is about 27.3 billion dollars but later paid 18 billion dollars in March 2012.

6. Do the plaintiffs’ attorneys expect to be paid?

No. however, if any payment is to be made at all, they would charge lower amounts than a similar high profile case elsewhere. However, the case was for public good.

7. What does it mean when a law firm takes a case “pro bono”? (You may have to look this up online.) 

 The case of public good, with no charging of money or favor is the meaning of pro bono.

8. Does the Chevron scientist believe there is an increased risk of cancer in the polluted area of Ecuador?

They believe that it is inevitable but argue that they did so with full permission from the government. However, they try to shift the blame to the local people by producing questionable samples of earth

9. Can all the pollution from drilling be seen on the surface of the earth?

According to the evidence presented in court, the surface of the earth around the villages has oil remnants.

10. How does the Chevron attorney respond to the demonstration of the plaintiffs, which reveals oil under the surface of the ground?

She brushes the allegation and uses the fake samples which are later disqualified from the evidence that is to be presented to the judge

11. Who does the Chevron attorney blame the pollution on?

The Ecuadorian government, which he claims, knew the whole project from the start and gave written consent.

12. Did Texaco try to protect local waterways from the pollution created by the waste pits?

No. They dumped millions of gallons of crude into waterways and dint bother to create a safe disposal of crude.

13. Does the Chevron scientist believe that there is any proof that the drinking water is polluted by oil?

No. Why does she think this? They have taken water samples

 14. What does the plaintiffs’ lawyer visit the judge in Quito?

The Ecuadorian lawyer visits the judge and leant that the defense attorneys were threatening with article 292 to the lawyers

15. How many babies in the village of San Carlos have skin diseases?

Nearly every kid of the 30,000 population was been affected by the polluted environment courtesy of chevron.

16. What does the Chevron scientist think is the source of the skin rashes?

 Poor personal hygiene of the people

17. What happened to the Ecuadorean lawyer’s brother?

He is killed eight days prior to the proceeding of the case. This situation is interpreted as a case of intimidations against Fajardo and the team.

18. What changed the political climate for the Chevron case in Ecuador?

The revelation of false sampling and manipulation of scientific findings coupled up with the international pressure from celebrities and other activists

19. What does Pablo Fajardo say is missing from the Vanity Fair article?

The background information of all the pollution that took place over the years.

20. Who does Chevron think should clean up the toxic mess in the Amazon?

 The government of Ecuador

21. Who does the Chevron lawyer say was in charge of certifying the cleanup of the pits? The

Ecuadorean government, it offered written permission for that aspect

22. What is the typical age of cancer victims in San Carlos?

 As low as 5 years, as high as 86 years of age among the older generations

23. What happened to the Cófan when Texaco came into their area?

 They migrated to escape the devastating effect that the oil company was doing to them

24. What is the purpose of the “global assessment?”

 To highlight the effect that environmental pollution causes on the whole world.

25. Is the court required to accept the validity of the independent expert’s report?

The court is required to accept the validity of any statement if it independent and accurate without any partisan interest.

26. Does the independent expert (Cabrera) want to let the plaintiff’s attorneys tell him where to take the samples?

 No. the independence of such experts is questionable from the first time

27. How many hours does Maria’s daughter travel for cancer treatment?

 She travelled 18 hours to get her treatment.

28. How does Pablo say Petro Ecuador will be brought to account?

He wants the company to clean up the rivers, compensate the victims, and foot the legal fees.

29. What does Trudy Styler and Sting do to help the indigenous people?

 They used their celebrity status to highlight the plight of the people of the rural Ecuadorian town from the chevron disaster

30. How much does the independent expert recommend that Chevron pay in damages?

27 billion dollars

31. Is the court required to accept the independent expert’s recommendations?

Yes. The court is required to accept the recommendation based on the validity of the statement and the position it has in court

32. What happened to Chevron’s attorney in Ecuador?

 She was paid 8 million for losing the 18 billion cases.

1. During the second industrial revolution, there was a notable difference between the two periods. There was much chemical advancement in the second than during the first industrial revolution. Such advancements and innovations included; The Bessemer process, which was an industrial process of cheaply producing steel from pig iron, use of wood to produce paper and the invention by and the invention of electricity and the electric bulb. These innovations, most of which had their basis in the first industrial revolution profoundly led to the advancement in technology in the periods after the 1900’s.

2. Some of the notable technological changes during the industrial revolution included; Patenting of the steam engine invented in the 1770’s, Patenting of cotton and textile spinning, development of the iron making industry. These three innovations profoundly influenced the living conditions of the people. The average consumer’s income began to increase at an increasing rate, and so did the population. There was also an increased patenting of the innovations that had taken place during the 2nd industrial revolution. George Westinghouse, who had invented the air brakes for trains, aided by Nikola Telsa, invented the alternating, current long, distance transmission networks, both of which made trains faster and safer for use. There was also a switch in the lighting means after the invention of general electricity by Thomas A. Edison. Edison also invented other general electric systems, which significantly increased the yields in companies, as faster and advanced machinery could now be used to manufacture products.

3. Industrialization played a significant role in the improvement of the working conditions with specific reference to the working class in the course of the 19^th century. Advancements in inventions facilitated new ways of doing things in relation to the labor sector (Fry, 22). It was easier for the working class to conduct their daily operations due to inventions, which made work easier in the industries and in transportation. The steam engines developed in the period, facilitated ease in movement of labor from different regions within America. In addition, the movement of raw materials was eased creating an industrial boom (Fry, 47). This brought about worker awareness, whereby workers began to fight for their rights through the formation of workers’ unions. Workers were also able to move with relative ease from one location to another in search of jobs or to conduct their official duties.

4. Technology had global effects and impacts in all continents. In the European colonies, in Africa and Asia, the imperialists were able to penetrate the African wilderness and Asian jungles through construction railway lines, which enabled them to transport raw materials such as ivory from the interiors of the continent (Fry 78). The railway line enabled movement of raw materials from interior parts of the continents to the coastal cities. This was for further transportation to their respective European destinations for use in quelling the demand for the products in industries (Fry, 95). The introduction of firearms as a means for protection for the European colonialists was superior to the locally used poison arrows and bows used by the natives in Africa and Asia. This aspect enabled them to assert control over the African populace who dreaded the guns. In addition, the introduction of vehicles and other engines such as the steam engines, diesel engines fueled growth in these continents as they were used in setting up new factories for processing goods for export to the European countries. In addition, the transport was viewed as only fit for the Europeans who able to assert their control (Fry, 98).

5. Modernism is a practice, character and thought. It is the artistic movement in arts, cultural activities, which arose due to the development of the modern and innovated industrial societies. It composed of the activities that practiced by those who felt the effects of the second industrial revolution. Modernization made most economies realize their maximum potential, with countries like the U.K and the U.S.A grasping this opportunity to become super powers. There was also increased international interaction of countries. This led to the advancement in technology, which in turn increased output for these countries.

The prime purpose of this evaluative essay is to illustrate how some of the descriptions or rather introductions of a variety of subjects and terms in Wikipedia. It is prevalently evident that some of the subjects discussed in Wikipedia are of much relevance and it is therefore vital for the introduction of these subjects to be precise and distinct. However, the fact that every writer might not be perfect in the relevance of introduction on a subject, it is vital for an individual who identifies any recommendation needed in a weak introduction and presents it for future finality. In our context, the subject of evaluation and cognitive analysis is ‘technical writing’. It is comprehensively evident that the introduction of this subject (as derived from Wikipedia) has multiple mistakes that need to be addressed so as to necessitate the scope and relevance of the introduction. The next section expounds on these mistakes by first identifying them and further providing a recommendation that is efficient for the purpose of the introduction and more to the understanding of the reader.

The first mistake bases itself on the aspect of repetition of vocabulary. On this, it is vital to note that when one is describing a vocabulary or rather a term that is not familiar to the readers, it is necessary to expound the vocabulary on more diverse terms rather than using a terminology that is cognitively similar to the one being described. From our introduction context it is clear that the writer has used the term ‘technical communication’ as a preliminary vocabulary of describing technical writing. The term technical is repeated here and it might prove relatively complex for a reader to associate with the introduction.

The second mistake entails the joining of two words into one word which is a commonly prevalent mistake that multiple writers make. This can be deduced from the fact that the writer joins the word computer to hardware to make them one whereas they are supposed to be two different words. The technicality of this action may be lethal since when both words are joined they may tend to pose different meanings for different individuals. It is therefore necessary for the writer to make it clear that both words are a different and independent entity.

The third mistake relates to the sentence fragmentation or rather incomplete sentences (which in the long run result to ambiguity). It is evident that in the third statement of the introduction, the writer does not develop a cognitive analysis of the idea presented in the third statement. However, if the word includes is extracted from the text, the reader would be in a better position of what the statement really entails.

The fourth mistake entails the nature in which a gerund should be presented or rather used in a sentence. On this, it is of much necessity to note that that a gerund might be used in the right form but in a wrong appropriation. In this case, the gerund ‘forming’ is not incorporated appropriately in the second statement and the writer should consider replacing it with a verbal phrase.

In conclusion, the introduction of a subject is extremely vital since if a subject is introduce in a poor way, the general overview of the entire study will be affected in a lethal way.